History is littered with examples that illustrate this point and one of the best can be found in the second crusade. The doomed decision to assault damascus in 1148 rather than recover edessa, the capital of the first so. In this video, i look at the second crusade and its aftermath. Disaster outside damascus campaign by david nicolle 2009 english pdf. It was the first papal bull issued with a crusade as its subject. The second crusade was the second major crusade launched from europe, called in 1145 in response to the fall of the county of edessa the previous year. Edessa was the first of the crusader states to have been founded during the first crusade 10951099, and was the first to fall. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Even though he had thought of starting one before he got the letter. After a pathetic effort lasting only four days, the crusaders siege of the city is abandoned. Many stayed though, building what is referred to as outremer, old french for across the sea, known otherwise as the four crusader states.
It was the first of its kind, with precisely worded. The doomed decision to assault damascus in 1148 rather than recover edessa, the capital of the first socalled crusader state, was once thought. The second crusade 11471150 was the second major crusade launched from europe. The second crusade 11451149 was the second major crusade launched from europe, called in 1145 in response to the fall of the county of edessa the previous year. The cause of the second crusade the fall and massacre at edessa in the year 1146, the city of edessa, the bulwark of the latin kingdom of jerusalem on the side towards mesopotamia, was taken by the turks, and the entire population was slaughtered, or sold into slavery. The first crusade the chronicle of fulcher ofchartres and other source materials second edition edited by edward peters penn university of pennsylvania press. Urgent pleas for aid soon reached europe, and in 1145 pope eugenius iii issued a formal crusade bull, quantum praedecessores how much our predecessors. Was the crusaders decision to attack damascus in 1148 a good or bad one. Second crusade had so many gems, but i am here to describe only one the staggering tomorrow where are you written by wilton felder. After the fall of the crusader kingdom of edessa, the pope called for a new crusade in 1145. The second crusade was started in response to the fall of the county of edessa in 1144 to the forces of zengi. The siege of damascus in 1148 ad is often viewed as the great betrayal of the second crusade and the key architect of its demise. By purchasing books through this website, you support our nonprofit organization.
This new campaign by the christian west against the forces of eastern islam would culminate in the 1148 siege of damascus, then the capital city of an islamic state that had been friendly towards the crusaders. The second crusade, 1145 1148 by sulis after the success of the first crusade, many crusaders fulfilled their vows and completed the journey to the church of the holy sepulchre in jerusalem. The county had been founded during the first crusade 10951099 by baldwin of boulogne in 1098. The failure of the siege of damascus in 1148 sciencedirect. What follows is a brief essaycollection of quotations from christian sources considering criticism of crusading in the wake of the failure of the second crusade. Edessa was the armenian city that baldwin of boulogne took control of during the first crusade. The result of these negotiations was the issuing of a second papal bull on the 1st of march. Louis and conrad and the remnants of their armies reached jerusalem and participated in 1148 in an illadvised attack on damascus. Second crusade 11471149 while those who participated in the second crusade had probably planned to do so before hearing of the loss of edessa to zangi, the urgency of the crusade was likely reinforced by the loss. The siege of damascus took place between 24 and 28 july 1148, during the second crusade. Yona williams as a response to the fall of the county of edessa, the second crusade. During and in the aftermath of the first crusade, a number of crusader states were formed in the levante. The county had been founded during the first crusade 10961099 by king baldwin i of jerusalem in 1098. Crusades crusades the era of the second and third crusades.
This plan was sent to french king, louis vii at first glance he did not approve. After the fall of the county of edessa, european powers were again motivated to come to the aid of the fragile crusader states. It was the first crusade led by prominent european monarchs rather than by lesser lords and established a trend for later crusades. The defeat of the second crusade at damascus ensured that the christian crusader states in the holy land would remain on the defensive for the foreseeable future. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. The kings of france and germany, louis vii and conrad iii, led their large forces in person. The failure of the second crusade demonstrated the dangers of the land route across anatolia which the first crusade only just survived. Disaster outside damascus campaign by david nicolle, christa hook isbn. Despite an army of 60,000 and the presence of two western kings, the crusade was not successful in the levant and caused further tension between the byzantine empire and the west. Medieval and middle ages history timelines the second. Introduction1 the years between 1146 and 1148 were signalized in the annals and chronicles of medieval europe by christian campaigns on all fronts against the sur rounding pagans and moslems. There was no longer any realistic prospect of expansion so the christians were confined to small states surrounded by larger and more powerful.
In this case both the french under louis vii and the germans led by emperor conrad iii followed the same route through hungary and arrived in constantinople within a month of each other in september and october 1847. The second crusade was announced by pope eugene iii, and was the first of the crusades to be led by european. The news of the fall of edessa led to a second crusade 114749, headed by louis vii of france and conrad iii of germany. Despite minor setbacks, christian europe had enjoyed success on previous crusader campaigns. Second crusade 11451149 the second crusade began a half century to the year after pope urban ii delivered his speech at the council of clermont. The remaining crusaders, still led by conrad and louis, joined baldwin iii of jerusalem in an attack on damascus which fell apart after arguments amongst the crusaders. Edessa was the first of the crusader states to have been founded during the first crusade 10961099, and was the first to fall.
Although a brief and concise history of that particular crusade, the book is especially helpful to me as a reference book complete with the necessary maps and chronology of events. The first aircraft carrier battle in history duration. Pope eugenius iii issued a crusading bull quantum praedecessors to louis vii of france. The second crusade as seen by contemporaries by giles constable i. They marched inside the city of damascus, which was on the way of edessa. The second crusade 11471149 ce was a military campaign organised by the pope and european nobles to recapture the city of edessa in mesopotamia which had fallen in 1144 ce to the muslim seljuk turks.
In spite of the lofty motives which animated the french king, the second crusade shows a waning of the spirit of enthusiasm which had brought about the first. In 1144, a mamluk slave warrior general named imadeddin zangi united enough arabs and turks to attack multiple christian kingdoms. Indeed, of their first 4 albums three were doubles crusaders 1, second crusade and sothern comfort only interrupted by the almost forgotten unsung heroes still not released on cd amazingly. The second crusade 11451149 was an extraordinarily bold attempt to overcome. By 1148 the second crusade had failed after the demise of the siege of damascus, but the reasons behind the failure of the crusade are widely debated by historians such as jonathan riley smith, steven runciman and hans mayer. Criticism of crusading after the second crusade andrew. This crusade began because religious people from around the area told the soldiers that they needed to fight for their religion. It ended in a decisive crusader defeat and led to the. The second crusade was prompted by the fall of edessa in 1144. The pope summons the second crusade in a effort to take back the stolen land. The success of the first crusade had stifled such criticism, but the failure of the second crusade, led by europes most important monarchs, led to soul searching about the cause.
There were several factors which played a part in the demise of the crusaders including the. This particular campaign book deals with the second crusade of 1148 c. The crusades including second crusade, saladin, fall of jerusalem, third crusade, fourth crusade, sack of constantinople, the last crusades. It was called in 1145, in response to the fall of the county of edessa the previous year to the forces of zengi. Ancient history encyclopedia receives a small commission for each. Pursuing an ambitious but politically flawed strategy against an islamic state friendly to their crusader neighbours, the knights of the second crusade suffered a crushing defeat at damascus in 1148. Disaster outside damascus campaign david nicolle, christa hook on. This new campaign by the christian west against the forces of eastern islam would culminate in the 1148 siege of. And while its true that no single track stands out as much as the bands read of carole kings so far away on 1, 2nd crusade is just as consistent and enduring as its predecessor and may be more suited to the dancefloor.
How important was leadership in the failure of the second. Quantum praedecessores is a papal bull issued on december 1, 1145, by pope eugenius iii, calling for a second crusade. First crusade 10951099 second crusade 11451148 third crusade 11871192 fourth crusade 12021204 albigensian crusade. Christians wanted to take jerusalem from the muslims, thought fighting in crusade forgave sins, chance to travel and make money, desire to defend byzantine empire from turks, sons of nobles get more land, new trade routes, reunify branches of the church. It had long been apparent that edessa was vulnerable, but its loss came as a shock to eastern and western christians. Sara marquart, madison sinclair, and kristen tieman 2. Louis and conrad and the remnants of their armies eventually reached jerusalem and participated in an illadvised attack on damascus in 1148. Christianity, islam, crusades, holy land, saracens, turks at the close of the thirteenth century, following two centuries of crusades against the muslims, two events may be taken as representative of their impact on relations between christianity and islam. Historians now believe the city was attacked because damascus posed a significant threat to the latin kingdom of jerusalem when the second crusaders arrived in the east. While it was the first crusader state to be founded, it was also the first to fall.
The aftermath of the second crusade michael fassbender. The doomed decision to assault damascus in 1148 rather than recover edessa, the capital of the first socalled crusader state, was once thought to be ill. He clears crusader passage through hungary and sicily and the byzantine empire although emperor manuel i wants sworn oaths from all the crusaders. After the first crusade, the fatimids were very angry, because the crusaders captured their home, jerusalem. The second crusade 11451149 was launched in 1145 in response to the fall of the county of edessa to the muslim leader zengi a year earlier.
The second crusadethe second crusade background to the second crusade 11471148 ce n. Roche the modern era of second crusade studies began with a seminal article by giles constable entitled the second crusade as seen by contemporaries 1953. The second crusade 11451149 was the second major crusade launched from europe. Together, in july 1148, they make an illconceived and illprepared attack on the rich city of damascus. The bull was issued in response to the fall of edessa, in december 1144. This new campaign by the christian west against the forces of eastern islam would culminate in the 1148 siege of damascus, then the capital city of an islamic state that had been friendly towards the.
1448 1310 184 1505 29 1200 398 450 1249 1361 1355 1247 1452 421 839 953 125 1253 1215 1220 830 1364 889 1485 127 1409 1172 1441 147 1286 1249 525 1281 594 629 909 710 826 803 384 1168 423 925 94 338